Balochistan Insurgency by Autonomy Seeking Baloch Organization: An Analysis of Reporting in Pakistan Press

Abstract

This study examines how the Pakistani press framed the 15-point autonomy agenda presented by Nawab Akbar Bugti during the 2005–2006 phase of the Baloch insurgency. Using Framing Theory as the analytical lens, the study employs Qualitative Content Analysis to compare reporting in two major national newspapers Dawn (English) and Daily Jang (Urdu). A purposive sample of 90 front-page news items (40 from Dawn and 50 from Jang) published between September 24, 2005 and August 24, 2006 was analyzed to identify dominant frames and thematic orientations. Findings reveal that both newspapers predominantly adopted negative frames (53.3%), emphasizing themes such as foreign intervention, threats to national integrity, and anti-state activities. Neutral frames (32.2%) focused largely on political dialogue, whereas positive frames (14.4%) highlighting the legitimacy of some Baloch demands were minimal. Comparative analysis shows that Daily Jang displayed a higher tendency toward negative framing, particularly by linking Bugti’s demands with external agendas, whereas Dawn more frequently highlighted contextual concerns such as fears of “another fall of Dhaka.” Overall, the press framing largely aligned with state-centric narratives, marginalizing Baloch grievances related to resource control, political autonomy, and human rights. The study concludes that such biased reporting contributes to polarization and undermines conflict resolution efforts. It recommends balanced, context-rich coverage to foster more informed public understanding and support peace-building in Baluchistan.